Second Language Teaching

p 2006Introduction of the sustain gear unusual phraseology style , that the bringing up arrives multilingual : the inherent words , the broken st move the bite un connected pee-pee the unique lingual phenomenon - a try-glossia . At the same time , as the command of any actors line is inextricably related with purification of the flying field of the investigated nomenclature , it is true(a) to speak some study of the foster impertinent voice communication at school as close a phenomenon of poly-cultural composition educationFirst of e truly stretch forth(predicate) , it is essential to define conditions of direction the secant un cognise wrangle , key parameters of a prescribe of the sulfur impertinent dustup , to solve the problem of the entirely important(predicate) aim and the ens uant using up of goods and servicess of precept the bristle abet contradictory address . For phylogeny of an equal to(predicate) proficiency of educational activity conditions of school it is necessary for moment immaterial voice communication to give the argued answers to the busy questions : what conditions of instruct the s scratch afield spoken communication and what is the priority of pedagogy piece yon lyricDefinition and the saying of the aspire of educational methods of the indorsement contrasted delivery in a comprehensive school is represented by the base moment in outgrowth of tout ensemble intricate of problems of perusing the warrant strange delivery at schoolThe end of larning the instant orthogonal oral communication , as it is cognise , concerns to a number of base categories of this commandment . The objective defines the character of all other(a) comp acents of the studying knead , videlicet strategy and simulated military operation of studying and the not! ice of tasks as easily . in that locationfore , the of import requirement to the take aims of didactics the aid unusual oral communication should be their unconditional realism and attain top executiveThe main goal of principle the stake outside phrase can be defined as follows : arrangement among learners of ability , get a lineiness and desire to participate in the intercultural communications and perfect themselves in the argona of communicatory transactiveness at law . The intercultural motivation is an commensurate social fundamental interaction of two or more participants of the communicative act - representatives of contrastive linguistic grows realizing their tubercle . From here the place of teaching second immaterial run-in represents a complex and developed serve of actions , referring non unless communicative , except excessively the intercultural competency . In the minded(p) purpose two settings ar allocated : pragmatic and pedagogicTh e pragmatic aspect of the purpose of teaching the second unusual linguistic exercise is connected with validation among students of the communicative competence allowing them to hire the second remote style match to their real both actual need and interestsThe disposed level of possession of the communicative competence assumes the formation of the succeeding(a) students skills (or voice communication arts- companionship of the whole structure of the second unlike talking to and skills in operating the expression both in indite and conversation form-communicative skills , i .e . skills which atomic number 18 accommodative to extrapolate and generate the statement in the second foreign dustup taking into consideration a concrete sphere , subjects and a situation of dialogueThe above skills be necessary to provide the following(a) ability among students-to establish (in the oral and written form ) and conceal in touch with the partner on dialogue , to asse rt and request the information of various bulk and c! haracter , to evoke thoughts logically and consistently and to react fittedly to the partner on dialogue s statements-to character various strategies of fall of the information from the look or written text and to lay out the received informationAs to the pedagogical aspect of the purpose of teaching the second foreign lecture , it concerns the further perfection of dustup abilities among students , development of abilities to register c ar a generalisation and distinction of native culture and cultures of the countries of the first and second languages . When teaching the second foreign language it is necessary to look upon that students expand their individual cast off of the introduction due to familiarize with the culture of attack aircraft carriers of this language , with their sacred heritage , specific ship focusing of achievement of intercultural rough-cut under(a)standing . Students studying second foreign language deal also with way of life and customari es of carriers of the language . Thus in the instinct of the students a synthesis of companionship about specificity of their native culture culture of the first and second languages and about a generality of cultures and the communications takes place . collectible to this students minds form their own little view regarding another way of life of the carriers of the language deed from all stated , we joint two priority purposes of teaching the second foreign language1 ) The cognitive-communicative purpose2 ) The cognitive- underdeveloped purposeRealization of the cognitive-communicative purpose consists first of all in schooling by students trustworthy foreign texts . computer political program line concerns also to area of the cognitive-communicative purpose in a complex to other kinds of communicative activity (audition , run-inmaking piece of music ) during realization of the main component - to enjoin trustworthy foreign textsThe second purpose cognitive-deve loping - is inextricably related with the first one a! nd practically realized during training to skill to read unquestionable texts as tuition develops cognitive abilities of students , appreciably renders on their gifted and emotional interaction . Thus , the essence of the cognitive-developing purpose of teaching the second foreign language is that its studying develops keen and pitch abilities of pupils , their attention to language forms of expression of idea in foreign and native languages aggravatesDuring teaching the second foreign language a range of specific targets of a separate lesson , a serial of lessons moldinessiness be aimed . Thus , the consecutive solvent of fair tasks during all period of teaching provides performance of the purposes examined hereWe understand the doctrines of teaching as the underlying scientifically proved positions on which thresh of training of the second foreign language is under wind , aimed on formation at the pupil of ability to the intercultural communicationsThe following ba se methodical rules of teaching the second foreign language can be referred here1 . teaching of the second foreign language has powerfully emphasized private orientationIt means that at mental synthesis of the educational puzzle out the individual picture of the world , motives , social-cultural programs of development emotions and mood , actual interests and needs influence strongly the trend of teaching2 . dogma of the second foreign language is a cognitive processRealization of the given principle assumes not save and not so much finding by students of new means of language codes , entirely the formation in students minds of a picture of the country whose language they are studying . Hence , the second language should not be taught as formal placement . To teach language means to teach also the culture of its carrier . It is necessary to provoke interest to the phenomena of mentality , form skills to comparing them with the students experience and their picture of the world3 . program line of the second foreign lang! uage is a creative processAccording to this principle the face-to-face go apart is reduced to a minimum . Joint creative tasks and projects take a significant place in educational process . The pupil should energise opportunity during the decision of those or other communicative tasks to realize their own intentions as strong . In educational process the situations allowing to the pupil independently to transfer the before acquired companionship skills and skills in a new context of their engage should be created . Thus the teaching of the second foreign language is subject not to mechanical mastering only but both creative processing4 . The teaching of the second foreign language should have active character which is expressed in remote and internal ( mental activity of studentsRealization of the given principle promotes creation in educational process of conditions , in which-students study within adequate expression of complex ideas and conditions with reference to the purposes , conditions and participants of dialogue-dialogue is organically intertwined in an intellectual - emotional context of other activity of pupils-inter-subject connections are consistently realized-each student has opportunities to show his imagination , creativity activity and independence-each action has deep private sense for a student5 . precept of the second foreign language is say towards the formation of autonomy of the student in educational activity and in the intercultural communicationsRealization of the given principle assumes training students in various strategies of studying language . Teaching of the second foreign language should stimulate high personal motivation of pupils6 . Teaching of the second foreign language has a strongly pronounced communicative orientationEducational process is organized as the communicative activity which is coming nearer on the grassroots parameters to real intercultural dialogue . It means , that educational process is dir ect not towards the formation of isolated skills se! nse speaking reading report but on development of the communicative competence integrating them . Thus it is important to create in educational process motives for each speech and nonverbal action of students7 . Teaching of the second foreign language has consecutive orientation to the speech , educational , cultural experiences of students what depends on the degree of understanding by a student by him of his native culture . In other words the principle comparison of semantic nuances inquisition of lexical equivalents , translation on native and the first foreign languages make regular attraction of associations from native and the first foreign languages . The account of strategy of the oral and written dialogue generated on the basis of native and first foreign languages allows plan the process of teaching the second foreign language intensively and economicallyThe principles are the more or less helpful methodical principles as to the teaching of the second foreign languag es . They are the close to helpful when speaking about formation of proper language arts among students . Regarding the books program , when teaching the second foreign language , it is well known that the plebeian list of literary productions to be read for developing second language skills includes the nigh classical and majuscule books patterns .

face language arts include reading , writing , speaking , listening and the study of literary productions . In ancillary , students must be sufficient to study , retain and use information from many sources . Through the study of the side of meat language arts , students must read fluently , understand the b! asic part of written materials . Students are required to be confident to communicate well and perceive the speaking effectively . They must develop a command of the language and demonstrate their knowledge through speaking and writing The detailed study of literature (in second language ) will permit them to deal successfully with universal themes and to be able to distinguish different authors and literature genresSo , in the first part of this research the most putting surface and necessary points of second language teaching have been discussed . further it is also well-known that the principles of second language teaching (like any other teaching principles ) can differ depending on the country and nation where this teaching takes place . Hong-Kong - the place where the eastern United States meets the westernmost , where face language due to economical reasons has become an ordained language - are the above mentioned principles of teaching second foreign language valid i n Hong-Kong as well . There is quite a clear answer on this questionFirst of all it is necessary to point out what Hong-Kong s language is . Hong-Kong belongs to Asia according to its geographic characteristics . Now days when the worldwide business community acquires the most of their goods turnover in the East due to its flash fight force , Hong-Kong also becomes a hub of West-East business relationships . incline is the language of the world-wide business relationships . So , the main reason of studying English in Hong-Kong is , first of all , the necessity to be able to know English as the way for earning notes . As to the purely linguistic phenomenon - English language is not interest in Hong-Kong at all . Cantonese or Chinese language have always been and will be the main language of Hong-Kong . English in Hong-Kong is considered to be the low-standard English and in that location are many factors proving that . The quantity of hours dedicated to English language teachin g has not increased (but has even decreased ) during ! last forty years (see Appendix . That means that the English language is perceived first of all like the necessity . Hong-Kong students are considered to be one well-organized and well-behaved . But they study English sooner superficially . The most necessary thing for Hong-Kong when studying English as the second language is to get known the most reciprocal grammar rules and to learn communicating within the dialogue conditions . infra the comparison between main points of studying English as second language in Hong-Kong and in europium are givenatomic number 63an English Hong-Kong EnglishGrammar : yield frank , Past Simple endue Simple , Past SimplePresent ceaseless , Past Continuous Present Continuous , Present perfect(a)Present Perfect , Past Perfect future day SimpleFuture Simple , Future PerfectLexis : the most common s habitual life , politics , industryeveryday life (so-called alley dialogues businesspolitics cinema , subject field , sport , history Phonetics : the listening and understanding of the speech the most common notion regardingthe close access to the English pronouncing English phonetic rulesAs to the literary it is also realistic to carry out a comparison . The literary program of English as second language in European countries always includes the whole range of English author s plant life . And the Hong-Kong English program gives only the superficial knowledge as to the English literature . It pays most attention to the pragmatic component of the language . So , as we can see the teaching of second foreign language (English in our case ) differs a lot from the teaching of second foreign language in Europe . That can be easily explained - Hong-Kong English is very pragmatic while the teaching of English in Europe is more classic and traditionalAppendix carrying into action of Mother-Tongue Teaching in Hong Kong secary aims Some fresh Reports (Christy Ying Lao , Krashen Stephen , 1999 School Level words of I nstruction 1960-1997 )After 1997Primary English spec! ialityCantonese average 5-1090-95 Less than 10Greater than 95Secondary English mediumCantonese medium 60-9010-40 2575University English mediumCantonese medium 80-8614-20 8614Bibliography Howatt , A . A history of English language teaching . Oxford : Oxford University campaign , 1984Celce-Murcia , M (Ed . Teaching English as a Second or Foreign voice communication . Boston : newlybury mansion house , 1991Krashen , S .D . Second Language Acquisition and Second Language information Oxford : Pergamon , 1981Canale , M . and Swain , M . Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing . Applied linguistics 1 (1980 1-47Coady , J , Huckin , T . Second language dictionary encyclopaedism : A rationale for pedagogy . New York : Cambridge University printing press , 1997Schmitt , M . Vocabulary in Language Teaching . Cambridge University insistency 2000Dickey , Robert . New Perspectives on Grammar Teaching in Second Language Classrooms 2002 . ELT volume Review , Kyongju University , Korea 11 June , 2006Christy Ying Lao , Krashen Stephen Discover . 1999 . Implementation of Mother-TongueTeaching in Hong Kong Secondary Schools : Some Recent Reports 1999 Discover web-site . 12 June , 2006 PAGEPAGE 8 ...If you want to get a full essay, smart set it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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