Sound :: essays research papers

Basis of Processing Sound Strategies Introduction to cryptogram StrategiesD.J. AllumCoding strategies define the way in which acoustical sounds in our world be transformed intoelectrical signals that we can understand in our thought. The normal-hearing person already has away to code acoustic sounds when the inner ear (cochlear) is functioning. The cochlea is the stunning organ that transforms acoustic signals into electrical signals. However, a deaf persondoes non have a functioning cochlea. The cochlear implant takes over its function. Technically,it is comparatively easy to send electrical current through implanted electrodes. The more than difficultpart is to make the electrical signals carry the appropriate cultivation about speech and othersounds. This responsibility is taken over by tag strategies. The more efficient the codingstrategy, the better the possibility that the brain will interpret the information as havingmeaning. Without meaning, sound is only unwished n oise.Some basic vocabulary is useful in understanding coding strategiesFrequency. Speech is composed of a range of frequencies from high-frequency sounds(sss, piii) to low-frequency sounds (ah). These frequencies also occur for sounds in ourenvironment. The speech-frequency range is from about 250 Hz to 6,000 Hertz (Hz). Amplitude. The amount of amplitude, or intensity, defines how forte a sound is heard.The usual range from the softest to the loudest sound is about 30 dB. The normal rangefor human hearing is around 120 dB. Tonotopic. A special characteristic of the cochlea and the auditory establishment. It means thatthe apical region of the cochlea (and the nerve near this region) is more sensitive to lowfrequencies and that the elemental region is more sensitive to high-frequencies. Therelationship between the most basal to the most apical region is a progression fromhigh-to-low frequency sensitivity. Filters. Filters are used to divide, electronically, acoustic signals into d ifferent ranges.For instance, for a speech-frequency range of 4,000 Hz, we could divide the total rangeby 10 and each filter would hold 400 Hz. Stimulation Rate. The enumerate of times an electrode is turned on and off, i.e., activatedwith electrical stimulation. The normal cochlea is comparable a series of filters. Sounds that have high-frequencies will fall intofilters at the basal end of the cochlea and those with low-frequencies will fall into filters in theapical end, i.e., in a tonotopic arrangement. Since the cochlea cannot accomplish this for adeaf person, the cochlear implant takes its place. It is important to opine that the auditorynerve is tonotopic even if the cochlea cannot transmit information because of deafness.